Waterproof mortar
Waterproof mortar is a mortar with high impermeability. The waterproof mortar layer, also known as the rigid waterproof layer, is suitable for the surface of concrete or masonry without vibration and certain rigidity. For buildings with large deformation or uneven subsidence, it is not suitable to use rigid waterproof layer.
Waterproof mortar can be divided into four types according to its composition: multi-layer plastering mortar, water-repellent mortar, expansion cement waterproof mortar and polymer-mixed waterproof mortar.
Commonly used water repellents include chloride metal salt waterproofing agent, water glass waterproofing agent and metal soap waterproofing agent.
The anti-seepage effect of waterproof mortar depends to a large extent on the quality of construction. Therefore, the quality and mix ratio of raw materials should be strictly controlled during construction. The waterproof mortar layer is generally divided into four or five layers, each layer is about 5 mm thick, and each layer is compacted before initial setting, and the last layer is calendered. After the wipe is finished, it is necessary to strengthen the maintenance to prevent the dehydration from causing dryness. In short, the rigid waterproof must ensure the compactness of the mortar, and the construction operation is required to be high, otherwise it is difficult to obtain the ideal waterproof effect.
2. Thermal insulation mortar
Insulation mortar, also known as adiabatic mortar, is a mortar made of cement, lime and gypsum cementitious materials and expanded perlite or expanded vermiculite, pottery sand and other lightweight porous aggregates. The thermal insulation mortar has the properties of light weight, thermal insulation, sound absorption, etc. Its thermal conductivity is 0.07~0.10W/(m·K), which can be used for roof insulation layer, thermal insulation wall and heating pipe insulation layer.
Commonly used thermal insulation mortars include cement expanded pearl mortar, cement expanded vermiculite mortar and cement lime expanded vermiculite mortar. With the advancement of domestic energy-saving and emission reduction work, many new wall insulation materials have emerged, among which EPS (polystyrene) particle insulation mortar is a new type of external thermal insulation mortar which is widely used, which adopts the process of layered plastering. The maximum thickness can reach 100mm, and the mortar is heat-insulated, heat-insulated, flame-retardant and durable. [2]
3. Sound absorbing mortar
Generally, the insulating mortar is made of lightweight porous aggregate and has sound absorbing properties. In addition, cement, gypsum, sand, sawdust can be made into a sound-absorbing mortar according to a volume ratio of 1:1:3:5, or made of soft fiber material such as glass fiber and mineral wool in lime and gypsum mortar. . Sound absorbing mortar is mainly used for indoor walls and flat tops.
4. Acid-resistant mortar
It is made of water-resistant glass (sodium silicate) and sodium fluorosilicate to form acid-resistant mortar, and sometimes it can be mixed with powdery fine aggregate such as quartzite, granite or cast stone. Water glass has good acid resistance after hardening. Acid-resistant mortar is mostly used as the inner wall protection layer for lining materials, acid-resistant floors and acid-resistant containers.
5. Decorative mortar
Decorative mortar is used directly on the inner and outer surfaces of buildings to improve the decorative art of the building as the main purpose of plastering mortar. It is one of the commonly used decorative means. The bottom layer and the middle layer plaster of the decorative mortar are basically the same as the ordinary plastering mortar. The surface layer of the decorative mortar is mainly used. The cementitious material and aggregate with a certain color are used, and a special operation process is adopted to make the surface present various kinds. Different colors, lines and patterns and other decorative effects.
The cementing materials used in the decorative mortar are ordinary cement, slag cement, volcanic ash cement and white cement, colored cement. The cement commonly used in fire is mixed with alkali-resistant mineral pigments to form colored cement, lime and gypsum. Aggregate often uses marble, granite and other fine stone slag or glass or ceramic granules.
